Space Exploration summary:
Below is a robot and space probe from space missions that went to Mars.
**definition:
"A space probe is a space craft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data information.
"
There are no human crew members on a space probe mission.
Below is a robot and space probe from space missions that went to Mars.
**definition:
"A space probe is a space craft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data information.
"
There are no human crew members on a space probe mission.
*** Only 25 people have gone to the Moon, but to gain even more information beyond the Moon, space probes became a new form of space exploration.
The "moon" above is called Dionne that orbits the planet Saturn and picture taken from a space probe.
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1. Now ---- read about
communications satellites ( page 17 )
A. orbital satellites = those that orbit the Earth
B. geostationary = those that move exactly at the same speed as the Earth rotates (so the satellite appears to not be moving)
These satellites are pointed at one fixed-point and commonly used for long-distance communications. There are over 150 of them and center themselves mostly above the Equator.
****most are over 50 miles above the Earth
****Most common uses for satellite = cell phones, faxing, pagers, internet, CNN or ESPN, or even local news for a sudden tornado warning, and yes----WEATHER ALERTS and ''doppler".
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1. Now ---- read about
communications satellites ( page 17 )
A. orbital satellites = those that orbit the Earth
B. geostationary = those that move exactly at the same speed as the Earth rotates (so the satellite appears to not be moving)
These satellites are pointed at one fixed-point and commonly used for long-distance communications. There are over 150 of them and center themselves mostly above the Equator.
****most are over 50 miles above the Earth
****Most common uses for satellite = cell phones, faxing, pagers, internet, CNN or ESPN, or even local news for a sudden tornado warning, and yes----WEATHER ALERTS and ''doppler".
2. Almost all the planets and many of their ''moons" have been photographed and studied.
3. The Voyageur One and Two might have been the most successful space probes.
They have traveled to the farthest areas of our Solar System. So of the most interesting information came from their studies of the many "moons" of Saturn and Jupiter.
***Thanks to the developments of satellites --we now enjoy the fun of satellite TV and all our uses with technology today.
3. The Voyageur One and Two might have been the most successful space probes.
They have traveled to the farthest areas of our Solar System. So of the most interesting information came from their studies of the many "moons" of Saturn and Jupiter.
***Thanks to the developments of satellites --we now enjoy the fun of satellite TV and all our uses with technology today.
Captain Kirk of Star Trek, using his "cell phone" in the l960 s TV show. Later the real cell phone is invented by Martin Cooper, shown in the 2nd photograph below.
Above--the "father of the Cell Phone"who is said have taken the idea of Star Trek to invent the cell phone!!!
STUDIES of the Planets !!!!!!
What we know due to Space Explorations:
MERCURY ----closest planet and smallest
1. Very small and difficult to see, but might be seen right before sunrise and right after sunsets.
2. It has very little atmosphere or gases. It is so close to the Sun that the side facing the Sun = 430 degrees C while the side away from the Sun = -170 degrees C because Mercury has no atmosphere to hold the heat.
3. The size of Mercury is a little larger than the size of the Moon. Mercury has no "moons".
4. Two space probes went to Mercury; the first one was in l974-75 and was called Mariner and in 2009 the Messenger space probe went to Mercury. Both of them went around the planet and took readings while in orbit.
5. The space probes took pictures of surface and found many craters.
6. Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sun.
The Romans named the first planets Mercury after their "messenger God" called Mercury who was "fast-a-foot." This symbol is also used a lot for track teams or for running.
MERCURY ----closest planet and smallest
1. Very small and difficult to see, but might be seen right before sunrise and right after sunsets.
2. It has very little atmosphere or gases. It is so close to the Sun that the side facing the Sun = 430 degrees C while the side away from the Sun = -170 degrees C because Mercury has no atmosphere to hold the heat.
3. The size of Mercury is a little larger than the size of the Moon. Mercury has no "moons".
4. Two space probes went to Mercury; the first one was in l974-75 and was called Mariner and in 2009 the Messenger space probe went to Mercury. Both of them went around the planet and took readings while in orbit.
5. The space probes took pictures of surface and found many craters.
6. Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sun.
The Romans named the first planets Mercury after their "messenger God" called Mercury who was "fast-a-foot." This symbol is also used a lot for track teams or for running.
VENUS-----"Goddess of Love" read pages 89-90
1. The second closest planet to the Sun and also almost as big at the Earth.
2. Unlike most planets, it will rotate or spin in a clockwise motion (Earth spins counter-clockwise).
3. Much easier to see right before sunrise and sunset by looking low along the skyline.
4. Venus is a very bright "spot" in the sky and its not a star so it shins, it does not flicker or sparkle. But astronomers call Venus the "evening-star".
5. ***takes about 225 days to orbit the Sun
6. ***takes about 240 days for one rotation---thus one day on Venus is really about 8 months/ or 4 months of daylight and 4 months of darkness. wow !!!!!
7. Venus has a lot of atmosphere, and a lot of carbon-dioxide. Venus has storms, lightning and is always full of clouds and many, many gases in the air.
8. Venus has volcanoes, lava flows and shows canyons or canals. The largest volcano is called Maat Mons.
9. You can t breath on Venus because there is too much Co 2 in air. . You could not stand on surface because the pressure on Venus in 90 times stronger than on Earth. Think of swimming in a pool and as you go down 10 to 20 feet the water pressure increases.
10. Temperature on Venus = 460 degrees C and it stays hot here always because the cloud cover is so intense.
****below are pictures of the two space probes that took pictures and set down rovers on Venus: Vernera 7 & Magellan
1. The second closest planet to the Sun and also almost as big at the Earth.
2. Unlike most planets, it will rotate or spin in a clockwise motion (Earth spins counter-clockwise).
3. Much easier to see right before sunrise and sunset by looking low along the skyline.
4. Venus is a very bright "spot" in the sky and its not a star so it shins, it does not flicker or sparkle. But astronomers call Venus the "evening-star".
5. ***takes about 225 days to orbit the Sun
6. ***takes about 240 days for one rotation---thus one day on Venus is really about 8 months/ or 4 months of daylight and 4 months of darkness. wow !!!!!
7. Venus has a lot of atmosphere, and a lot of carbon-dioxide. Venus has storms, lightning and is always full of clouds and many, many gases in the air.
8. Venus has volcanoes, lava flows and shows canyons or canals. The largest volcano is called Maat Mons.
9. You can t breath on Venus because there is too much Co 2 in air. . You could not stand on surface because the pressure on Venus in 90 times stronger than on Earth. Think of swimming in a pool and as you go down 10 to 20 feet the water pressure increases.
10. Temperature on Venus = 460 degrees C and it stays hot here always because the cloud cover is so intense.
****below are pictures of the two space probes that took pictures and set down rovers on Venus: Vernera 7 & Magellan
MARS------ the 4th planet--Sept. 16th:
A. Most of information comes from two spacecrafts called Viking 1 and Viking 2 and their missions in l976. A more recent landing was from the Pathfinder in l997
B. A cold planet with a very thin atmosphere; similar to our Earth high mountains of 18,000 to 25, 000 feet above sea level, with temps from 20 degrees F to as cold as -50 F.
C. Water--yes we believe there is ice water on or under its surface. Scientist think there are ancient lakes or stream and underground water systems.
D. Polar Ice Caps = full of frozen water and CO 2. New studies show potential frozen water supplies underground. **big question = evidence of past life?
E. Volcanoes/ craters and soil---- Mars has one very large volcanoes named Olympus Mons (73,000 ft tall)
or 3 times taller than Mt. Everest !
F. Missions to Mars: most recent were in 2003 by the World s European Space Agency called Orbiter and NASA's twin rovers.
***future Missions to Mars might have people walk on its surface. Projections of when are still in question.
***go to video search and type in Mars rover (Curiosity)
and watch videos about its landing and upcoming missions.
Roman 's God of War because of its "red surface color"
1. Most famous of all our planets and especially for the many science-fiction stories and/ or movies.
2. Most famous story/ then movie -= War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells, who also wrote "The Time Machine".
A. Most of information comes from two spacecrafts called Viking 1 and Viking 2 and their missions in l976. A more recent landing was from the Pathfinder in l997
B. A cold planet with a very thin atmosphere; similar to our Earth high mountains of 18,000 to 25, 000 feet above sea level, with temps from 20 degrees F to as cold as -50 F.
C. Water--yes we believe there is ice water on or under its surface. Scientist think there are ancient lakes or stream and underground water systems.
D. Polar Ice Caps = full of frozen water and CO 2. New studies show potential frozen water supplies underground. **big question = evidence of past life?
E. Volcanoes/ craters and soil---- Mars has one very large volcanoes named Olympus Mons (73,000 ft tall)
or 3 times taller than Mt. Everest !
F. Missions to Mars: most recent were in 2003 by the World s European Space Agency called Orbiter and NASA's twin rovers.
***future Missions to Mars might have people walk on its surface. Projections of when are still in question.
***go to video search and type in Mars rover (Curiosity)
and watch videos about its landing and upcoming missions.
Roman 's God of War because of its "red surface color"
1. Most famous of all our planets and especially for the many science-fiction stories and/ or movies.
2. Most famous story/ then movie -= War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells, who also wrote "The Time Machine".
****On Halloween night in l938 a famous radio broadcast pretended that New Jersey was being attacked by Martians and this was done by acting and reading aloud the script to War of the Worlds.
***many people believed this was real !!!
***many people believed this was real !!!
Below are three great videos about Mars
1. called Destination Mars (full movie)
2. "Race to Mars"--a Discover Channel film ***
3. called Mars, the Red Planet (the Science channel)
of all planets, there are more sci-fi movies about Mars than all other planets combined. Some are really old ones from the 1950s and became part of those famous
drive-in movies of that time era:
1. called Destination Mars (full movie)
2. "Race to Mars"--a Discover Channel film ***
3. called Mars, the Red Planet (the Science channel)
of all planets, there are more sci-fi movies about Mars than all other planets combined. Some are really old ones from the 1950s and became part of those famous
drive-in movies of that time era:
Review of Planets ( summary)
----- the Romans and the Greeks set up studies of our planets and the Solar System, but they were confused at first if planets were stars or not.
1. First idea was that the Earth was the center of Universe
and that all the stars, planets and object orbited EARTH.
2. Inventor Galileo with his telescope helped change theory.
3. --the inner planets (Mercury,Venus, Mars, Earth)
****all of these are terrestrial "soil, land" planets, and small
a. Earth only of these four with life, water, oxygen supply... .
b. the inner four all rotate on axis to establish a full "day"
c. Mercury and Venus ----Mercury is the closest to Sun with many craters, no moons, and great range of "temps"
d. Venus = Earth's twin, a very bright object at sunset. Has a high amount of carbon-dioxide gases, strange "clockwise rotation on its axis. Has a severe trapping of the heat of day and thus is always HOT-its entire existing days due to thick cloud cover. ***looking at Venus is actually seeing its clouds, not its surface!
e. MARS --- page 41, known as the "red planet" due to high amount of iron-oxides that scatter the sandy soil. Its atmosphere has a thin cloud cover so it is easy from Earth to see Mars surface.
1-temps on Mars are below zero and up to + 68 degrees
2. gravity is less than Earth but "do-able"
3. has 2 "moons", is tilted on axis and has seasons, has polar ice-caps, large ancient volcanoes, and many canyons
4. big question = will the planet have/ had water to supply "explorers" ?
f. Outer Planets---
1. order = Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, "Pluto"
2. The big four are also our "gas planets", full of deadly and thick gases of helium, methane, hydrogen and create "rings" of gases/ clouds, and rain
3. Also have large number of "moons" and object that orbit each planet
4. JUPITER = the largest by far, all other planets combined are still smaller than Jupiter (Jupiter = 2 and 1/2 times their total size) !!!!
Has very thick atmosphere of hydrogen/ helium gases, with the "Great-Red-Spot" storm (larger than the size of Earth)
a. its unsure of the surface of Jupiter, but must be of rock and iron. The heavy atmosphere is so intense pressure/ it would crush any space-craft that would try to land (30 million times the air pressure of Earth)
b. Jupiter has dozens of moons, largest four = Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto---- all four are larger than our Earth
----- the Romans and the Greeks set up studies of our planets and the Solar System, but they were confused at first if planets were stars or not.
1. First idea was that the Earth was the center of Universe
and that all the stars, planets and object orbited EARTH.
2. Inventor Galileo with his telescope helped change theory.
3. --the inner planets (Mercury,Venus, Mars, Earth)
****all of these are terrestrial "soil, land" planets, and small
a. Earth only of these four with life, water, oxygen supply... .
b. the inner four all rotate on axis to establish a full "day"
c. Mercury and Venus ----Mercury is the closest to Sun with many craters, no moons, and great range of "temps"
d. Venus = Earth's twin, a very bright object at sunset. Has a high amount of carbon-dioxide gases, strange "clockwise rotation on its axis. Has a severe trapping of the heat of day and thus is always HOT-its entire existing days due to thick cloud cover. ***looking at Venus is actually seeing its clouds, not its surface!
e. MARS --- page 41, known as the "red planet" due to high amount of iron-oxides that scatter the sandy soil. Its atmosphere has a thin cloud cover so it is easy from Earth to see Mars surface.
1-temps on Mars are below zero and up to + 68 degrees
2. gravity is less than Earth but "do-able"
3. has 2 "moons", is tilted on axis and has seasons, has polar ice-caps, large ancient volcanoes, and many canyons
4. big question = will the planet have/ had water to supply "explorers" ?
f. Outer Planets---
1. order = Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, "Pluto"
2. The big four are also our "gas planets", full of deadly and thick gases of helium, methane, hydrogen and create "rings" of gases/ clouds, and rain
3. Also have large number of "moons" and object that orbit each planet
4. JUPITER = the largest by far, all other planets combined are still smaller than Jupiter (Jupiter = 2 and 1/2 times their total size) !!!!
Has very thick atmosphere of hydrogen/ helium gases, with the "Great-Red-Spot" storm (larger than the size of Earth)
a. its unsure of the surface of Jupiter, but must be of rock and iron. The heavy atmosphere is so intense pressure/ it would crush any space-craft that would try to land (30 million times the air pressure of Earth)
b. Jupiter has dozens of moons, largest four = Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto---- all four are larger than our Earth
