Earthquakes-----movements of tension, compression and shearing:
-----read in your textbook---Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 ( 61-172)
1. Pangea = ancient super-continent of Earth. This idea is a hint of our Earth and its crust moved, and still is moving. Our term is called ----EARTHQUAKE.
2. TYPES of movements or stresses --(tension, compression, shearing)
3. Tension = the pulling apart on the crust of the Earth. The area in the middle will become thinner. ( try pulling apart a piece of gum ) . The tension of these two parts/ PLATES = earthquake or movement.
4. Compression = the squeezing of rock together or where one plate pushes against or towards another. This is like a giant trash compactor.
5. Shearing = where two masses of rock slide or go in opposite direction to each other. These rocks will break or slip and fall apart from each .
EARTHQUAKES = there are several thousand earthquakes every year.
Only about 700 are felt by people and only a few are able to do severe damage.
The measure of an earthquake is called the Richter Scale. It uses a measure of 1- 10.
A major earthquake is consider to be over 6 to 7.
***Earth's layers = the center core, inner and outer core, its surrounding mantle, and then our crust.
Only about 700 are felt by people and only a few are able to do severe damage.
The measure of an earthquake is called the Richter Scale. It uses a measure of 1- 10.
A major earthquake is consider to be over 6 to 7.
***Earth's layers = the center core, inner and outer core, its surrounding mantle, and then our crust.
Faults and the San Andreas Fault-line:
Review = you will have tension, compression or shearing/ stretching. With the San Andreas you have shearing movement.
***slowing Los Angels is moving north towards San Francisco, or you might say San Francisco is moving south towards L.A.
Below = review of the names of the three types of faults:
***slowing Los Angels is moving north towards San Francisco, or you might say San Francisco is moving south towards L.A.
Below = review of the names of the three types of faults:
CHANGING THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH:
1. Geologist use two terms to describe upward or downward folds in rock:
2. anticline = upward fold and syncline = downward folding:
1. Geologist use two terms to describe upward or downward folds in rock:
2. anticline = upward fold and syncline = downward folding:
Over thousands of years the Earth will have forces that move an area that can be flat and become more mountain like: see below example
Sometimes you will find very large and spectacular mountains that are known as folded mountains. The best example is the Grand Tetons of western Wyoming. Its now a national park 60 miles south of Yellowstone
**yes---the Grand Tetons were "made" as a folded mountain region
**yes---the Grand Tetons were "made" as a folded mountain region
the Grand Tetons are full of farmlands, private ranches, public lands for wildlife such as moose, elk, black bears, and many others. It has more hiking trials and campsites than even Yellowstone Park.
Above is what is called the Great Basin. These are very large areas below mountain ranges. They might be near areas like the Grand Canyon. Sometimes we call these areas the "highlands" or mesa or plateau.
The region near these folded mountains are the basins and special places like the Grand Canyon, Bryce Canyons and all the other Utah parks like Zion National Park. ***great vacations places.
Above is Zion National Park, in southern Utah.
Earthquake Activity in the U.S.A.
***the l964 Earthquake in Alaska had major property damages and even caused tsunami in Hawaii a few days later.
Earthquake Activity in the U.S.A.
***the l964 Earthquake in Alaska had major property damages and even caused tsunami in Hawaii a few days later.
Geologist all over the USA are aware of faults and areas where active earthquake activity is more likely to happen. ***the USA has special high risk ZONES. **see map on page 69 in textbook.
Top areas are the far west and California, Alaska, and actually the lower border of Missouri, Arkansas and Tennessee ! This area has history from back in 1800 s.
There are fault lines under the USA that we might not yet know about, some are very deep beneath the thick layers of rock.
How earthquakes cause damage : 4 types--
1. SHAKING = quakes cause seismic waves which move or "shake" the land into landslides or avalanches (snow). Sometimes you might have some rock-slides.
** With shaking you get damages to buildings, bridges, roads, railways, and land itself/ trees and parks. The underground will have water pipes and gas lines destroyed. (THIS IS KNOWN AS LAND WAVES)
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2. Liquefaction = a long and large crack (fissure or fault) will open up and is filled with water to make a big MUD -quake. **this causes the ground to sink and give way into a big earthquake.
3. Aftershocks = any extra earthquakes in an area that was earlier hit by a EARTHQUAKE--- these could be several smaller tremors that strike hours or a day or two after the big first earthquake.
4. TSUNAMIS = "ocean-quakes" or moving water due to earthquake activity near an area of large ocean water. ***sometimes called a mountain of water, is a big tidal wave that can destroy a lot of area of an island.****Japan sometimes is hit by tsunamis.
**officially --the word tsunanis = means high wave
1. SHAKING = quakes cause seismic waves which move or "shake" the land into landslides or avalanches (snow). Sometimes you might have some rock-slides.
** With shaking you get damages to buildings, bridges, roads, railways, and land itself/ trees and parks. The underground will have water pipes and gas lines destroyed. (THIS IS KNOWN AS LAND WAVES)
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2. Liquefaction = a long and large crack (fissure or fault) will open up and is filled with water to make a big MUD -quake. **this causes the ground to sink and give way into a big earthquake.
3. Aftershocks = any extra earthquakes in an area that was earlier hit by a EARTHQUAKE--- these could be several smaller tremors that strike hours or a day or two after the big first earthquake.
4. TSUNAMIS = "ocean-quakes" or moving water due to earthquake activity near an area of large ocean water. ***sometimes called a mountain of water, is a big tidal wave that can destroy a lot of area of an island.****Japan sometimes is hit by tsunamis.
**officially --the word tsunanis = means high wave
After an earthquake this pickup is stuck in liquid / water from ground breaking apart ( liquefaction)
