UNIT ONE----EARLY ASTRONOMY-----Aug. 12th- Sept. 2nd --7 school lessons :
Basic movements of objects in space and planet Earth:
What are we looking at ?
EARTH IN SPACE
readings CHAPTER 2 pages (40-48)
THE BIG IDEA = What are causes of day, night, shadows, and seasons?
How are planets connected to gravity?
Why do we have a calendar?
What are phases, eclipses?
What do you know about Sunsets and Sunrise ?
LINK VIDEO : on Moon phases below:
readings CHAPTER 2 pages (40-48)
THE BIG IDEA = What are causes of day, night, shadows, and seasons?
How are planets connected to gravity?
Why do we have a calendar?
What are phases, eclipses?
What do you know about Sunsets and Sunrise ?
LINK VIDEO : on Moon phases below:
HOW EARTH MOVES: ( read textbook pages 40-45)
In the past people thought the Sun and Moon "went around" the Earth!
Why did they think that? When the looked outside at night or even in the day, the Sun or the Moon appeared to be moving across the sky.
***actually the Earth was spinning on its axis.
1. ROTATION --causes our days and nights as the Earth spins or rotates in a eastward (counter-clockwise) motion.
This makes the Sun look to move across our sky from East to West. Another way to say that is--- Our Sun will rise in the East and set in the West.
2. The Earth takes approximately 24 hours to spin one time around its axis. Its like a spinning ball connected to a stick or large rod.
3. REVOLUTION = another word for orbit or "travel around." The Earth travels around the Sun once every year (365 1/4 days).
This orbit is oval not a full common circle. ** This is known as elliptic or elliptical, some would say "odd-long" oval shape.
4. Examples of rotating = door knob spinning around its center, when a couple is dancing in place/ you call this "slow dancing".
Think of an ice skater as she is spinning on ice in place. Sometimes she would leave that spot and travel all around the skating rink. What is that then called?
5. Examples of revolving = the game "duck-duck-goose", NASCAR, horse-racing, can you think of more?
In the past people thought the Sun and Moon "went around" the Earth!
Why did they think that? When the looked outside at night or even in the day, the Sun or the Moon appeared to be moving across the sky.
***actually the Earth was spinning on its axis.
1. ROTATION --causes our days and nights as the Earth spins or rotates in a eastward (counter-clockwise) motion.
This makes the Sun look to move across our sky from East to West. Another way to say that is--- Our Sun will rise in the East and set in the West.
2. The Earth takes approximately 24 hours to spin one time around its axis. Its like a spinning ball connected to a stick or large rod.
3. REVOLUTION = another word for orbit or "travel around." The Earth travels around the Sun once every year (365 1/4 days).
This orbit is oval not a full common circle. ** This is known as elliptic or elliptical, some would say "odd-long" oval shape.
4. Examples of rotating = door knob spinning around its center, when a couple is dancing in place/ you call this "slow dancing".
Think of an ice skater as she is spinning on ice in place. Sometimes she would leave that spot and travel all around the skating rink. What is that then called?
5. Examples of revolving = the game "duck-duck-goose", NASCAR, horse-racing, can you think of more?
Look at my video of Earth s movement and causes of seasons.
THE SEASONS: p. 43-45
*** important review to study:
A. June Solstice - in the northern hemisphere we have our Summer months, but in the southern hemisphere they are having winter season.
B. December Solstice- in the northern hemisphere we have winter, but in the southern hemisphere (Australia) ,they are in their Summer days.
C. March/ September Equinox = these are the spring and fall season all over the World. At this time the angle of the Sun s rays is EQUAL.
**** THE ANGLE OF THE SUNLIGHT ON THE EARTH
1. Think of the summer days and being home. Think of how high in the sky the Sun is over your house at noon hour?
2. But in the winter time, think of where the Sun is over your house at noon hour?
3. Now: question how high is the Sun moving across the sky during the Summer days, and during the Winter days? How high in the sky is the Sun in summer compared to winter time?
What will the height of the Sun be in relation to you, during the Spring months and during the Fall? think about this
Solstices and Equinoxes : p. 44-45
1. The relationship to our months and seasons in the USA and North America, and all of Europe and Asia has a lot to do with the Sun.
*south of the Equator all the countries are in the Southern Hemisphere and experience opposite seasons and angle of sunlight on the Earth.
2. June-----in the Northern locations above the Equator the Sun will be shinning directly above places and very highest in the sky by noon.
The peak of this direct sunlight is around June 21st (longest day of the Year). The amount of sunlight that day lasts for many, many hours.------- our longest daylight of the year !
*the Sun is shinning down on the northern locations due to the Earth is tilted towards the Sun and facing a lot of direct sunlight.
3. December---in the Northern locations above the Equator the Sun will not be shinning directly at places. Now the angle is very low and less direct during the day. At noon hour the Sun is not high in the sky.
The shortest day of the year is near the December 22nd date. Now our Earth is pointed away from the Sun so less direct sun rays are hitting the Northern locations. (south of the Equator, they have direct sunlight)--
4. Equinoxes = means "equal night" / during true equinox the day and night are 12 hours of night and 12 hours of sunlight (day). We also call this our first day of "fall or spring".
*** important review to study:
A. June Solstice - in the northern hemisphere we have our Summer months, but in the southern hemisphere they are having winter season.
B. December Solstice- in the northern hemisphere we have winter, but in the southern hemisphere (Australia) ,they are in their Summer days.
C. March/ September Equinox = these are the spring and fall season all over the World. At this time the angle of the Sun s rays is EQUAL.
**** THE ANGLE OF THE SUNLIGHT ON THE EARTH
1. Think of the summer days and being home. Think of how high in the sky the Sun is over your house at noon hour?
2. But in the winter time, think of where the Sun is over your house at noon hour?
3. Now: question how high is the Sun moving across the sky during the Summer days, and during the Winter days? How high in the sky is the Sun in summer compared to winter time?
What will the height of the Sun be in relation to you, during the Spring months and during the Fall? think about this
Solstices and Equinoxes : p. 44-45
1. The relationship to our months and seasons in the USA and North America, and all of Europe and Asia has a lot to do with the Sun.
*south of the Equator all the countries are in the Southern Hemisphere and experience opposite seasons and angle of sunlight on the Earth.
2. June-----in the Northern locations above the Equator the Sun will be shinning directly above places and very highest in the sky by noon.
The peak of this direct sunlight is around June 21st (longest day of the Year). The amount of sunlight that day lasts for many, many hours.------- our longest daylight of the year !
*the Sun is shinning down on the northern locations due to the Earth is tilted towards the Sun and facing a lot of direct sunlight.
3. December---in the Northern locations above the Equator the Sun will not be shinning directly at places. Now the angle is very low and less direct during the day. At noon hour the Sun is not high in the sky.
The shortest day of the year is near the December 22nd date. Now our Earth is pointed away from the Sun so less direct sun rays are hitting the Northern locations. (south of the Equator, they have direct sunlight)--
4. Equinoxes = means "equal night" / during true equinox the day and night are 12 hours of night and 12 hours of sunlight (day). We also call this our first day of "fall or spring".
Lesson Four------ Gravity
*Key terms : force, mass, weight, inertia, Newton's first law
1. Gravity= the force "power" that attracts all objects toward one another. The World is full of examples. look below to see examples :
2. Inertia = the tendency (chances ) of an object to resist (stop) a motion . *good example is having a seat belt or not when a car hits the brake. See below pictures of inertia too.
3. Below are Sir Issac Newton's 3 laws of motion video
4. Also watch the lesson/ video about Newton
Earth and the Moon: review
A. the Earth revolves around the Sun in a circular orbit (elliptical).
Our Moon also orbits the Earth elliptically.
1. The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit Earth
2. The Moon takes 27.3 days to rotate on its axis
This is why we always see just one side of the Moon.
B. What would happen to Earth or the Moon if gravity was weaker or barely existed in our Universe????
C. Gravity is a force that will keep our Earth and Moon "together" as with all other planets and the SUN.
D. Newton realized that the force which draws an apple to fall from a tree is also why the Moon seems drawn towards the Earth.
*** The Moon is trying to escape, but the pull or force of Earth's gravity will keep Moon near.
E. YOUR BODY WEIGHT =
A result of the forces of gravity. Do you know why your weight on a mountain is less than if
you weigh yourself along the ocean?
?????????????????????????????????????????????
***NEWTONS 2ND LAW------
The mass of the object and the distance between them will determine how strong the force of gravity of the two objects will be.
Jupiter and Saturn are so massive they have many satellites.(moons)
They kind of have their own little
mini-solar systems.
They have rings that are drawn into them and orbit these planets.
F. The force of gravity is also called WEIGHT. Mass usually never will change but weight might. Go back to your weight on a mountain compared to that when you are at the beach. How much would you weigh on the Moon?
******If an 100 pound person went to the Moon their weight would be about 20 lbs. How far could you throw a shot put (steel ball) ?
G. DISTANCE = a key point to the forces of gravity.
When two objects have distances moving farther and farther apart the forces of gravity will then decrease and decrease.
*** Some scientist believe that PLUTO is slowly "escaping" the Sun's forces of gravity and will fall out of orbit with the Sun SOME DAY !!!
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H. What is a Newton ?
The official expression or term for weight is NEWTON-- called = N
ONE NEWTON = .22 LBS ONE POUND = 4.45 Newtons
******** math problems ---------------------------****************
1. 180 lbs. = how many Newtons? 2. 100 Newtons = how many lbs.
# 1. take 180 x 4.45 = 801 Newtons #2. take 100 x .22 = 22 lbs.
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Forces of Gravity examples:
A. the Earth revolves around the Sun in a circular orbit (elliptical).
Our Moon also orbits the Earth elliptically.
1. The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit Earth
2. The Moon takes 27.3 days to rotate on its axis
This is why we always see just one side of the Moon.
B. What would happen to Earth or the Moon if gravity was weaker or barely existed in our Universe????
C. Gravity is a force that will keep our Earth and Moon "together" as with all other planets and the SUN.
D. Newton realized that the force which draws an apple to fall from a tree is also why the Moon seems drawn towards the Earth.
*** The Moon is trying to escape, but the pull or force of Earth's gravity will keep Moon near.
E. YOUR BODY WEIGHT =
A result of the forces of gravity. Do you know why your weight on a mountain is less than if
you weigh yourself along the ocean?
?????????????????????????????????????????????
***NEWTONS 2ND LAW------
The mass of the object and the distance between them will determine how strong the force of gravity of the two objects will be.
Jupiter and Saturn are so massive they have many satellites.(moons)
They kind of have their own little
mini-solar systems.
They have rings that are drawn into them and orbit these planets.
F. The force of gravity is also called WEIGHT. Mass usually never will change but weight might. Go back to your weight on a mountain compared to that when you are at the beach. How much would you weigh on the Moon?
******If an 100 pound person went to the Moon their weight would be about 20 lbs. How far could you throw a shot put (steel ball) ?
G. DISTANCE = a key point to the forces of gravity.
When two objects have distances moving farther and farther apart the forces of gravity will then decrease and decrease.
*** Some scientist believe that PLUTO is slowly "escaping" the Sun's forces of gravity and will fall out of orbit with the Sun SOME DAY !!!
-----------------------------------------------------------------
H. What is a Newton ?
The official expression or term for weight is NEWTON-- called = N
ONE NEWTON = .22 LBS ONE POUND = 4.45 Newtons
******** math problems ---------------------------****************
1. 180 lbs. = how many Newtons? 2. 100 Newtons = how many lbs.
# 1. take 180 x 4.45 = 801 Newtons #2. take 100 x .22 = 22 lbs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forces of Gravity examples:
Now a inertia experiment: materials = a paper plate and towell
This is a review of Newton's first law of Motion-- I ll give you a hint of the directions from the fun picture below.
Lesson Five
Phases or "shapes" of the MOON
***read pages 47-48
Phases or "shapes" of the MOON
***read pages 47-48
LAB------------this assignment can be done at home : ) I would add a glass of milk !!!!!!!!!!
Procedure: best to have double - stuff Oreo Cookies---a large piece of paper or poster, a ruler, a pen/ pencil, and the will to eat frosting : )
1. With your pen and paper divide the sheet into 8 equal sections, it can be horizontal or vertical on your sheet.
2. Label at the top as shown on the above picture and then in each section the shape or phase of the Moon.
3. Write correctly the 8 phase names in the correct order; you may start with New Moon or Full Moon.
4. Take your bag of oreo cookies and with your month bite carefully into a cookie and eat only the one top dark cover. Now with your teeth try to only eat a small portion to build the shape of the cookie to look like a phase. ( see pics above)
5. So---------go at it, and keep building you set of 8 shapes with the cookies. You might need a drink now an then to wash down the oreo.
*****don t make a mess please
**extra credit points if you want to share cookies with the teacher : )
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Procedure: best to have double - stuff Oreo Cookies---a large piece of paper or poster, a ruler, a pen/ pencil, and the will to eat frosting : )
1. With your pen and paper divide the sheet into 8 equal sections, it can be horizontal or vertical on your sheet.
2. Label at the top as shown on the above picture and then in each section the shape or phase of the Moon.
3. Write correctly the 8 phase names in the correct order; you may start with New Moon or Full Moon.
4. Take your bag of oreo cookies and with your month bite carefully into a cookie and eat only the one top dark cover. Now with your teeth try to only eat a small portion to build the shape of the cookie to look like a phase. ( see pics above)
5. So---------go at it, and keep building you set of 8 shapes with the cookies. You might need a drink now an then to wash down the oreo.
*****don t make a mess please
**extra credit points if you want to share cookies with the teacher : )
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------studies of the Moon and Sun and Eclipses: (review)
Key terms: final review---prepare for upcoming quiz--Study
1.Rotation = ?
2. Revolution = ?
3. axis = ?
4. orbit or elliptical path = ?
5. List the 4 seasons and dates that start them
6. What is solstice and equinox?
7. What is gravity?
8. What is the law of inertia?
9. What does the word phase mean?
10. Name the 8 faces of the Moon:
11. What is solar and lunar eclipse?
Below is a fun review video of topics we studied last week *****
Key terms: final review---prepare for upcoming quiz--Study
1.Rotation = ?
2. Revolution = ?
3. axis = ?
4. orbit or elliptical path = ?
5. List the 4 seasons and dates that start them
6. What is solstice and equinox?
7. What is gravity?
8. What is the law of inertia?
9. What does the word phase mean?
10. Name the 8 faces of the Moon:
11. What is solar and lunar eclipse?
Below is a fun review video of topics we studied last week *****
Lesson : Six -----read pages 40-48
The Earth-Moon-Sun System
The Earth-Moon-Sun System
***An interesting goal I ll have for all of you is to understand the differences between both a Solar Eclipse and Lunar ( Moon) eclipse.***
Motions of the Earth:
1. Rotation = the spinning of its body on the axis of Earth (once/24 hrs)
2. Revolution = to orbit ( go around ) the main body called the SUN
****OUR MOON ALSO WILL ORBIT THE EARTH
3. PRECESSION = a very unique Earth movement where it slips or has
a slight movement or tilt off its normal axis ***
Motions of the Moon ( lunar)
1. cycle of its phases = 29 1/2 days---***this became the Roman month
2. Moon's orbit of Earth = 27 1/3 days
** its takes the Moon an extra 2 days to get exactly between the Sun
and the Earth at the starting point of what = the new Moon phase
3. The Moon's rotation = 27 1/3 days----just like its revolution amount.*** So this is why the same (face of the Moon) is always what
we see on Earth when we look at the Moon. We never ever
have or will see the far side/ back side of the Moon from Earth!!!
**see picture of the farside of the Moon at the bottom of this lesson:
Rotation:
We know this is representation of ONE DAY---or 24 hrs. and it is actually moving at the speed of about 1000 miles/ per/ hour as it is spinning !!!
a. one way to observe this is to look "up high in the sky" at NOON hr.
( this is called a solar day or about 24 hours )
b. another way = measuring the amount of time it takes a certain
STAR to reappear in the exact same "spot" in the night sky from
where it was observed the day before when looking for it
( that is then called a sidereal day, usually takes 23 hrs.56min.)
***in review its a bit confusing and a lot of math and physics, but as a common person------we always will view the Sun high up in the sky at
mid day and with a watch or not, its -------NOON HOUR : )
VIEW THIS VIDEO NOW ----What if the Earth STOPS spinning !!!!!
Motions of the Earth:
1. Rotation = the spinning of its body on the axis of Earth (once/24 hrs)
2. Revolution = to orbit ( go around ) the main body called the SUN
****OUR MOON ALSO WILL ORBIT THE EARTH
3. PRECESSION = a very unique Earth movement where it slips or has
a slight movement or tilt off its normal axis ***
Motions of the Moon ( lunar)
1. cycle of its phases = 29 1/2 days---***this became the Roman month
2. Moon's orbit of Earth = 27 1/3 days
** its takes the Moon an extra 2 days to get exactly between the Sun
and the Earth at the starting point of what = the new Moon phase
3. The Moon's rotation = 27 1/3 days----just like its revolution amount.*** So this is why the same (face of the Moon) is always what
we see on Earth when we look at the Moon. We never ever
have or will see the far side/ back side of the Moon from Earth!!!
**see picture of the farside of the Moon at the bottom of this lesson:
Rotation:
We know this is representation of ONE DAY---or 24 hrs. and it is actually moving at the speed of about 1000 miles/ per/ hour as it is spinning !!!
a. one way to observe this is to look "up high in the sky" at NOON hr.
( this is called a solar day or about 24 hours )
b. another way = measuring the amount of time it takes a certain
STAR to reappear in the exact same "spot" in the night sky from
where it was observed the day before when looking for it
( that is then called a sidereal day, usually takes 23 hrs.56min.)
***in review its a bit confusing and a lot of math and physics, but as a common person------we always will view the Sun high up in the sky at
mid day and with a watch or not, its -------NOON HOUR : )
VIEW THIS VIDEO NOW ----What if the Earth STOPS spinning !!!!!
Revolution ( orbit) of the Earth:
1. Speed---- the Earth travels at a speed of 66,000 miles /per/hour
to travel or orbit around the SUN
2. The SUN is 93 million miles from the EARTH, takes 365 days to do one
complete orbit or revolution. ( actually its 365 and 1/4 days)
3. Orbit is not a perfect circle--is odd or elliptical in shape of path
1. Speed---- the Earth travels at a speed of 66,000 miles /per/hour
to travel or orbit around the SUN
2. The SUN is 93 million miles from the EARTH, takes 365 days to do one
complete orbit or revolution. ( actually its 365 and 1/4 days)
3. Orbit is not a perfect circle--is odd or elliptical in shape of path
Be sure to watch below the two videos about Earth 's motion around the SUN:
LESSON 7: READ PAGES 48-49
review of eclipses:
1. Solar (Sun) eclipse happens during day
2. Lunar (Moon) eclipse happens at night
SOLAR ECLIPSE or eclipse of the SUN:
1. Solar (Sun) eclipse happens during day
2. Lunar (Moon) eclipse happens at night
SOLAR ECLIPSE or eclipse of the SUN:
This happens when the Moon moves in a
line between the SUN and the Earth
during what is called a new Moon's phase
line between the SUN and the Earth
during what is called a new Moon's phase
LUNAR ECLIPSE or eclipse of the Moon:
This happens during a Full Moon.
** Now is the Sun, Moon and Earth
line up where the the Earth is
between the SUN and the Moon
** Now is the Sun, Moon and Earth
line up where the the Earth is
between the SUN and the Moon
Final test will be over all 7 lessons.
Be sure to review and look at all study games/ study guides on my teacher site.
Be sure to review and look at all study games/ study guides on my teacher site.